Nursultan Nazarbayev, the first President of Kazakhstan, led the country from its independence in 1991 until 2019. During his tenure, Kazakhstan transitioned to a market economy, and society underwent modernization.
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Kazakhstan is the birthplace of apples and tulips. The name of the city "Almaty" translates as "father of apples".
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The tallest TV tower in the world — "Kok-Tobe" — is located in Kazakhstan. This is one of the most earthquake-resistant structures.
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The first Kazakhstani in space was Toktar Aubakirovich Aubakirov. He made his flight on September 26, 1991 on the Soyuz TM-13 spacecraft. Toktar Aubakirov was a member of the Soviet-Kazakh space expedition and became the first representative of Kazakhstan to go into space.
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The anthem of the Republic of Kazakhstan was adopted as the official anthem on January 7, 2006. The music for the anthem was written by composer Shamshi Kaldayakov, and the text was written by Zhumeken Nazhimedenov.
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Sultans Kerey and Janibek were direct descendants of Genghis Khan, so both had the right to occupy the khan's throne in the khanate they created. The khan's throne traditionally passed to the senior applicant, so Khan Kerey became the first khan of the Kazakh Khanate.
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